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Advice and Guidance for Content Developers
Advice on HTML
Constructing resources in HTML (and XML) can significantly improve the flexibility of resources. Presentation of content in this format means that users can usually adapt resources to suit their own requirements or preferences in terms of font type, size, colour, background colour, presence or lack of images and so on. To some extent HTML (and XML) could be viewed as assistive technology in its own right, because as an end format it offers a more flexible and therefore usable mode of presentation than, for example, a PDF or text document.
HTML (and XML) offers an opportunity to incorporate a semantic structure into the content, by use of heading commands (
- ), strong and emphasis tags which render the content structured and therefore more navigable, flexible, and mostly importantly usable, as opposed to their purely visual equivalents such as bold and italics which effect similar visual results but no semantic effect.
The WAI Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are a de facto industry standard for the production of accessible websites using HTML. However, in terms of content development, these guidelines should be set in the context of a Holistic Approach. Subjective judgements need to be made about several critical areas of accessibility (from the relatively simple does this image require an alt tag? to the more complex what browser versions do we make the content compatible with and what assistive browsing technologies can we assume our users are likely to have access to?). There is no substitute for human judgement in creating a fully accessible, usable website, and the only way to achieve a fully usable website is to obtain that human judgement through user testing with a wide range of users, including some with a variety of impairments.
Further advice and guidance on HTML
Holistic Approach - HYPERLINK "http://www.techdis.ac.uk/index.php?p=2_1_11_8" http://www.techdis.ac.uk/index.php?p=2_1_11_8
Accessibility 2.0:people, policies and processes -
HYPERLINK "http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1243441.1243471&coll=ACM&dl=GUIDE&type=series&idx=SERIES10714&part=series&WantType=Proceedings&title=AICPS&CFID=://www.w4a.info/2007/&CFTOKEN=www.w4a.info/2007/" http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1243441.1243471&coll=ACM&dl=GUIDE&type=series&idx=SERIES10714&part=series&WantType=Proceedings&title=AICPS&CFID=://www.w4a.info/2007/&CFTOKEN=www.w4a.info/2007/
DMAG Digital Media Access Group - HYPERLINK "http://www.techdis.ac.uk/index.php?p=2_4_1" http://www.techdis.ac.uk/index.php?p=2_4_1
HYPERLINK "http://www.dmag.org.uk/default.asp" http://www.dmag.org.uk/default.asp
Text-only Web Sites? - HYPERLINK "http://www.techdis.ac.uk/index.php?p=3_10_10_2" http://www.techdis.ac.uk/index.php?p=3_10_10_2
JISC TechDis Style Sheet Wizard - HYPERLINK "http://www.techdis.ac.uk/index.php?p=3_12_5" http://www.techdis.ac.uk/index.php?p=3_12_5
Web Accessibility Self-Evaluation Tool - HYPERLINK "http://www.techdis.ac.uk/index.php?p=3_6_20051905120529_10" http://www.techdis.ac.uk/index.php?p=3_6_20051905120529_10
Standards relating to HTML
Given the diversity and breadth of type of content available in HTML, most web accessibility standards documents are relevant in their entirety, including the following:
W3C WCAG version 2.0
(due to replace WCAG 1.0 in late 2008): HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/" http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/
W3C WCAG version 1.0:
HYPERLINK "http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/" http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/ (due to be replaced by WCAG version 2.0 in late 2008):
IMS Guidelines for Developing Accessible Learning Applications:
HYPERLINK "http://www.imsglobal.org/accessibility/accessiblevers/index.html" http://www.imsglobal.org/accessibility/accessiblevers/index.html
PAS 78: Publicly Available Specification 78: Guide to good practice in commissioning accessible websites.
Section 508 Standards
(US technical standard for accessibility of web content) HYPERLINK "http://www.section508.gov/index.cfm?FuseAction=Content&ID=12" http://www.section508.gov/index.cfm?FuseAction=Content&ID=12: All checkpoints of Section 508 Technical Standard 1194.22 Web-based intranet and internet information and applications:
Page PAGE 2 of NUMPAGES 2 May 2008
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helpdesk@techdis.ac.uk
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